Word 1 | Meaning | Word 2 | Meaning |
accept | to agree to receive or do | except | not including |
adverse | unfavourable, harmful | averse | strongly disliking; opposed |
advice | recommendations about what to do | advise | to recommend something |
affect | to change or make a difference to | effect | a result; to bring about a result |
aisle | a passage between rows of seats | isle | an island |
all together | all in one place, all at once | altogether | completely; on the whole |
along | moving or extending horizontally on | a long | referring to something of great length |
aloud | out loud | allowed | permitted |
altar | a sacred table in a church | alter | to change |
amoral | not concerned with right or wrong | immoral | not following accepted moral standards |
appraise | to assess | apprise | to inform someone |
assent | agreement, approval | ascent | the action of rising or climbing up |
aural | relating to the ears or hearing | oral | relating to the mouth; spoken |
balmy | pleasantly warm | barmy | foolish, crazy |
bare | naked; to uncover | bear | to carry; to put up with |
bated | in phrase 'with batedbreath', i.e. in great suspense | baited | with bait attached or inserted |
bazaar | a Middle Eastern market | bizarre | strange |
berth | a bunk in a ship, train, etc. | birth | the emergence of a baby from the womb |
born | having started life | borne | carried |
bough | a branch of a tree | bow | to bend the head; the front of a ship |
brake | a device for stopping a vehicle; to stop a vehicle | break | to separate into pieces; a pause |
breach | to break through, or break a rule; a gap | breech | the back part of a gun barrel |
broach | to raise a subject for discussion | brooch | a piece of jewellery |
canvas | a type of strong cloth | canvass | to seek people’s votes |
censure | to criticize strongly | censor | to ban parts of a book or film; a person who does this |
cereal | a grass producing an edible grain; a breakfast food made from grains | serial | happening in a series |
chord | a group of musical notes | cord | a length of string; a cord-like body part |
climactic | forming a climax | climatic | relating to climate |
coarse | rough | course | a direction; a school subject; part of a meal |
complacent | smug and self-satisfied | complaisant | willing to please |
complement | to add to so as to improve; an addition that improves something | compliment | to praise or express approval; an admiring remark |
council | a group of people who manage or advise | counsel | advice; to advise |
cue | a signal for action; a wooden rod | queue | a line of people or vehicles |
curb | to keep something in check; a control or limit | kerb | (in British English) the stone edge of a pavement |
currant | a dried grape | current | happening now; a flow of water, air, or electricity |
defuse | to make a situation less tense | diffuse | to spread over a wide area |
desert | a waterless, empty area; to abandon someone | dessert | the sweet course of a meal |
discreet | careful not to attract attention | discrete | separate and distinct |
disinterested | impartial | uninterested | not interested |
draught | a current of air | draft | a first version of a piece of writing |
draw | an even score at the end of a game | drawer | a sliding storage compartment |
dual | having two parts | duel | a fight or contest between two people |
to draw out a reply or reaction | illicit | not allowed by law or rules | |
ensure | to make certain that something will happen | insure | to provide compensation if a person dies or property is damaged |
envelop | to cover or surround | envelope | a paper container for a letter |
exercise | physical activity; to do physical activity | exorcise | to drive out an evil spirit |
fawn | a young deer; light brown | faun | a mythical being, part man, part goat |
to display ostentatiously | flout | to disregard a rule | |
flounder | to move clumsily; to have difficulty doing something | founder | to fail |
forbear | to refrain | forebear | an ancestor |
foreword | an introduction to a book | forward | onwards, ahead |
freeze | to turn to ice | frieze | a decoration along a wall |
grisly | gruesome, revolting | grizzly | a type of bear |
hoard | a store | horde | a large crowd of people |
imply | to suggest indirectly | infer | to draw a conclusion |
loath | reluctant, unwilling | loathe | to hate |
loose | to unfasten; to set free | lose | to be deprived of; to be unable to find |
meter | a measuring device | metre | a metric unit; rhythm in verse |
militate | to be a powerful factor against | mitigate | to make less severe |
palate | the roof of the mouth | palette | a board for mixing colours |
pedal | a foot-operated lever | peddle | to sell goods |
pole | a long, slender piece of wood | poll | voting in an election |
pour | to flow or cause to flow | pore | a tiny opening; to study something closely |
practice | the use of an idea or method; the work or business of a doctor, dentist, etc. | practise | to do something repeatedly to gain skill; to do something regularly |
prescribe | to authorize use of medicine; to order authoritatively | proscribe | to officially forbid something |
principal | most important; the head of a school | principle | a fundamental rule or belief |
sceptic | a person inclined to doubt | septic | infected with bacteria |
sight | the ability to see | site | a location |
stationary | not moving | stationery | writing materials |
storey | a level of a building | story | a tale or account |
titillate | to arouse interest | titivate | to make more attractive |
tortuous | full of twists; complex | torturous | full of pain or suffering |
wreath | a ring-shaped arrangement of flowers etc. | wreathe | to surround or encircle |
English
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] 헷갈리기 쉬운 단어들 2015.10.07
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] 가장 보편적이고 간단한 형식 2015.10.07
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] 많이 사용하는 약어들 - Acronyms 2015.10.07 1
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] 요청사항을 보낼 때 2015.10.07
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] 많이 사용하는 이메일 상용구 2015.10.07
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] 마케팅 용어들 2015.10.07
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] ‘as’ 와 "however"의 사용 2015.10.07
- [이메일 비지니스 영어2] 답장을 작성할 때 주로 사용되는 동사 (attach, reply, forward, enclose 등) 2015.10.07
- [이메일 비지니스 영어] 동료와 일상적으로 쓸 수 있는 표현들 2010.12.09
- [이메일 비지니스 영어] 자동응답 표현법 2010.12.09
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] 헷갈리기 쉬운 단어들
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] 가장 보편적이고 간단한 형식
Opening email phrases (opening part of a business letter)
Thank you phrases (useful for writing a business thank you letter)
Correspondence exchange
I am writing to
… Inquire/ ask/ request/ offer/ introduce/ thank/ apologize/ congratulate
I am writing in reply to
Further to/… with reference to our … conversation
This is to inform/ let know/ advice
As you know from our previous correspondence…
Do not hesitate to contact me.
Please, notify that a reply is required by… without fail.
We would be grateful if you could…
We look forward to your (early) reply
Your prompt reply will be appreciated.
I am much obliged to you for…
I deeply appreciate your …
I was pleased to…
It is very kind of you to…
Many thanks for…
Many thanks in advance.
Please, accept my sincere/ deep appreciation for your help.
We are grateful for your co-operation.
I will be in touch as soon as …
I will keep you informed.
The information will be handled in confidence.
Pay special attention to the fact that…
We refer to our telephone conversation of…
We should be most happy to provide you with any further information you may require….
We will certainly contact you if…
I am writing to ask you for a favour…
In accordance with law I request…
by separate mail…
We would share with you the estimates of…
Apologies
I am afraid that…
I am sorry that I missed the opportunity of contacting you earlier/ calling you…
I am very sorry to have caused you so much trouble…
I must apologize that…
I regret to inform you that…
Please, accept my apologies for…
Please, forgive me for troubling you taking so much time / taking so long to answer your letter the delay in…
The reason for the present delay is…
Unfortunately …
We are sorry for the inconvenience that we may have caused you.
To my regret I must inform you that…
Closing the letter
Cordially,
Cordially Yours,
I remain,
Looking forward to continue co-operation, I remain…
Respectfully,
Sincerely,
Sincerely Yours,
Truly Yours,
Very Truly Yours,
Yours,
Complaints
I am very disappointed about this fact.
I have to ask you to accept the responsibility for these damages/ actions…
Arranging an appointment
To accept an invitation
To ask for an appointment
To be present (at/in)
To decline an invitation
To fix the exact dates of call/ meeting/ work
I am unable to accept your invitation.
I could come/ call at any…
I should be pleased to know what dates would be convenient to you.
Proposals and promises
As promised
As we requested
Does the idea appeal to you?
I hope you will not mind
If the above idea is attractive to you…
If you find circumstances acceptable …
In case our proposal would be acceptable…
It is more possible for us to…
On the following conditions
We shall do our best to…
Useful
As a result of…
As you may know…
At the present time…
Despite the fact that…
Draw your attention to…
In view of the above said…
It is to be noted…
On the ground that…
Take into account…
Take into consideration…
Briefly, the main points that have been made are…
I have some sympathy with your position, but…
Excuse me, but I think it is relevant to add that…
I am afraid there seems to have been a slight misunderstanding…
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] 많이 사용하는 약어들 - Acronyms
AFAIC | As far as I'm concerned |
AFAIK | As far as I know |
ASAP | As soon as possible |
BRB | Be right back |
BTDT | Been there, done that |
BTW | By the way |
FAQ | Frequently asked question |
FYI | For your information |
HTH | Hope this helps |
IANAL | I am not a lawyer |
IMHO | In my humble opinion |
IMNSHO | In my not so humble opinion |
IMO | In my opinion |
IOW | In other words |
LOL | Laughing out loud |
MOTAS | Member of the appropriate sex |
MOTOS | Member of the opposite sex |
MOTSS | Member of the same sex |
OTOH | On the other hand |
ROTFL | Rolling on the floor laughing |
RTFM | Read The Fine Manual |
WTF | What the heck |
YMMH | You might mean here |
YMMV | Your mileage may vary |
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] 요청사항을 보낼 때
Making requests in emails and letters
I would request … (+ noun) I would request your immediate attention to the matter. | [very formal] This is used to express dissatisfaction. | |
Could you possibly send me … ? | [tentative] | |
- I would also be grateful if you could send me … .
- I would therefore be grateful if you could send me … .
- Could you therefore please send me … ?
- Could you therefore send me … ?
- Could you also send me … ?
- Therefore, please send me … .
Opening line
I had a couple of important meetings last week. Here is a report on the first one.
As requested, please find a report on my meeting with… below.
I met … yesterday, so I am sending you the usual report on how the meeting went.
I thought I should inform you of the results of my meeting with… on Monday.
I had a meeting with a new client yesterday and I thought that you’d like to hear about
the results.
Here is my report on my meeting with… yesterday (that you requested).
I had a meeting with the supplier who you recommended last week and…
… suggested that you’d like to know something about my meeting with… yesterday.
As … is also a supplier/ client of yours, I thought you should hear about my meeting
with them the day before yesterday.
I’m writing because I would like your comments on a meeting I had yesterday.
Second line
I’m CCing … in on this.
I will also send a copy of the full minutes of the meeting/ the contract in a couple of
days.
First line or paragraph of main body
The thing you will probably most want to know is…
The first/ main thing we talked about was…
We agreed on…
Unfortunately,…
You will be pleased to hear that…
Second line or paragraph of main body
We also…
The next thing…
Next/ then…
Main part of main body
We discussed/ talked about/ agreed on/ decided/ negotiated/ argued about/ signed/
drafted/ drew up/ redrafted/ renegotiated…
I/ we/ he/ she/ they requested/ recommended/ proposed/ brought up/ mentioned/ reported/ showed/ predicted/ disagreed/ agreed with/ refused/ rejected/ stressed/ emphasized/ explained/ complained/ guaranteed/ promised/ agreed to/ asked for/ presented/ conceded/ admitted/ confirmed/ denied/ introduced/ insisted on/ threatened/
offered/ pointed out/ acknowledged/ outlined/ summarised/ raised/
I/ we/ he/ she/ they informed/ reassured/ reminded/ encouraged/ advised/ warned/ invited me/ him/ her/ us/ them…
I/ we/ he/ she/ they filled me/ him/ her/ us/ them in on…
I/ we/ he/ she/ they updated me/ him/ her/ us/ them in on…
Last line of main body
We also talked about…
I didn’t get the chance to ask them about…
We decided to leave discussion of… until the next meeting.
We arranged another meeting for…
They will send me the documents by the end of next week.
They had to leave before we could reach a conclusion, so…
Second to last line of the email
I’m sure you will agree that this is a worrying development/ we can be happy about the
outcome.
If you can give your approval for what we decided, I can get them to sign by the middle
of next week.
Last line of the email (before the final greeting)
If you want any more details about what they said, please let me know.
I’ll be meeting them again next month, so please tell me if there is anything you’d like
me to ask them.
I’ll CC you in on any future email communication with them.
I’ll send you a copy of the contract as soon as it arrives.
Good Endings
Close with a clear statement of your recommendation and a willingness to cooperate further.
Sentences:
Mr. Bright will be a great addition to your program. If I can further assist, please e-mail or call me.
Jane Bright has my strong recommendation. She will be a credit to your program.
I am confident that Mr. Bright will continue to be very productive. He has my highest recommendation.
I give her my highest recommendation, without reservation. Please send e-mail or call me if you have further questions.
I believe in John�s outstanding abilities for scientific work and strongly recommend him for further education at your university, where he can develop and apply his bright talents.
It is satisfying to be able to give him my highest recommendation. I hope this information proves helpful.
I enthusiastically recommend Mr. Bright as a promising candidate.
Seldom have I been able to recommend someone without reservation. It is a pleasure to do so in the case of John Bright.
I will be pleased to answer any additional questions you may have.
I am very interested in Mr. Bright's application and will be happy to provide further information.
Phrases:
every confidence in her ability to
give my unqualified recommendation
has always proved satisfactory
has my highest recommendation
have admiration and respect for
have no reservations in
hope this information proves helpful
if I can further assist
if you have further questions
if you need additional information
if you would like more information
recommend without reservation
recommend her very highly
request your favorable consideration of
should be given serious consideration
should you have any questions
will meet your expectations
will be successful in any enterprise he undertakes
will be a credit to your
will measure up to your high standards
will be a great addition to
would be an asset to your program
would be a valuable addition to
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] 많이 사용하는 이메일 상용구
[To begin the email]
- Please find attached my resume,photos from the conference, files and etc.
attachment(n)= added computer file.
- I've forwarded_________to you.
I am forwarding________to you.
forward(n)= resend an email and send it to different email address. - I've cc'd Tom on this email.
cc'ed
copied
To keep someone in the loop.
[To end the email]
- If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me.
Hesitate=wait - I look forward to hearing from you.
We look forward to meeting you
We look forward to your reply. - Drop me an email, or give me a rang, if you want any more information.
- Yours Truly
Warm Wishes
Kind regards
When you’re initiating email contact with someone new
When you’ve answered someone’s question(s)
When you’re asking the recipient to take some action
When you need a response (but not necessarily any action taking)
When you’ve heard nothing back and want to chase up a reply
When we make a request:
[more formal] | [less formal] | |
I would be grateful if you could … . | Could you possibly … ? | |
I would appreciate (it) if you could … . | Could you please … ? |
When we agree to a request someone has made:
[more formal] | [less formal] | |
I would be delighted to … . | I will be happy to … . | |
(delighted means very happy) |
When apologising:
[more formal] | [less formal] | |
I apologise for the delay in replying. | Sorry for the delay in replying. | |
I/We apologise for the inconvenience. | Sorry for the inconvenience. | |
I/We apologise for any inconvenience caused. | Sorry for any trouble caused. | |
Please accept our/my sincere apologies. | I/We are very sorry … . |
When giving bad news:
[more formal] | [less formal] | |
I/We regret that … . | Unfortunately … . | |
I/We regret to inform you that … . | I am sorry to have to tell you that … . | |
I am afraid that I must inform you of/that … . | I am sorry to have to tell you that … . |
When complaining:
[more formal] | [less formal] | |
I/We wish to draw your attention to … . | I wanted to inform you about … . | |
I am writing to complain about … . | I would like to complain about … . | |
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with … . | [none] |
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] 마케팅 용어들
brand identity
The new brand identity for Wembley Stadium includes a new logo and a new slogan.
brand image
The product’s new higher price is inconsistent with its brand image as a budget-priced item.
corporate identity
We have changed our corporate identity in order to modernise our image. We want to attract new and younger customers.
banner ad
They placed a banner ad at the top of each internet page.
circulation
The magazine has a weekly circulation of 50,000 copies.
cost per inquiry (CPI)
The advertisment cost us $1000. As a result, we had 500 calls from customers, so CPI was $2.
direct mail
We used direct mail to inform our customers about our new special offer. We sent it by direct mail.
the four Ps of marketing
macromarketing
an end-user
The new software makes the system easier for the end-user.
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] ‘as’ 와 "however"의 사용
How to use ‘as’ in formal writing
- As has a similar meaning to because.
- We use as to give the reason for a situation.
- As is more formal than because.
- As he is on holiday [reason], it is not possible to get his signature on the letter. [situation]
- As we do not have the goods on stock at the moment [reason], we are not able to send your order.[situation]
- It is not possible to get his signature [situation] as he is on holiday [reason].
- We are not able to send your order [situation] as we do not have the goods on stock at the moment.[reason]
How to use ‘however’ in formal writing
- However has a similar meaning to but or despite this.
- However contrasts a sentence against the preceding sentence.
- However often begins a sentence. It is followed by a comma.
- We do not use however to join two sentences.
- We had a small drop in sales last month. However, we are still above the plan.
- We invited 100 customers to the presentation. However, only about 50 came.
[이메일 비지니스 영어2] 답장을 작성할 때 주로 사용되는 동사 (attach, reply, forward, enclose 등)
attach | a.ttach | attach |
verb | to join one thing to another; to add a file to an email | |
how to use | attach something, attach something to something countable noun: an attachment adjective: attached | |
examples | 1. I’ve attached a copy of the contract. 2. A copy of the invoice is attached.3. Please attach a recent photograph to your application form. |
enclose | en.close | enclose |
verb | to put something inside an envelope with a letter | |
how to use | enclose something, a price list, a copy of another letter countable noun: an enclosure | |
examples | 1. I am enclosing our latest price list.2. Our price list is enclosed. |
reply | re.ply | reply |
verb | to write back to someone who has written to you | |
how to use | reply to a letter/invitation/advertisement countable noun: a reply | |
examples | 1. They haven’t replied to our invitation so I assume they are not coming.2. I wrote to him three weeks ago but he hasn’t replied yet.3.Thank you for your quick reply. |
forward | for.ward | forward |
verb | to pass on a letter or message to someone else | |
how to use | forward something, a letter/an email/ a message to someone forward someone something, a letter/an email/ a message | |
examples | 1. Don’t worry: we will forward all your letters to your new address. 2. I am forwarding you a copy of his email. |
extend | ex.tend | extend |
verb | to make something longer, make something last longer | |
how to use | extend something, a meeting, a deadline, a visa, a contract extend something by a month, a year, etc. | |
examples | 1. They have extended their one-year guarantee to two years. 2. The immigration authority extended his visa by a month.3. They have extended my contract. |
exclude | ex.clude | exclude |
verb | to deliberately not include | |
how to use | exclude something; exclude someone/something from something exclude from opposite: include | |
examples | 1. Don’t worry; we haven’t excluded you from our plans. 2. The price excludes tax. 3. New employees were excluded from the meeting. |
expect | ex.pect | expect |
verb | to think or believe that something will happen | |
how to use | expect something; expect to do something; expect somebody/something to do something; expect that | |
examples | 1. I sent them my CV and now I’m expecting the answer. 2. We expected you to come earlier.3. I expect to be here for a week. |
expand | ex.pand | expand |
verb | (of a company) to become bigger and more successful | |
how to use | intransitive verb (the verb has no object) something, a business, a company, a market expands noun: expansion | |
examples | 1. Our company has expanded rapidly over the last three years.2. The company plans to expand into China. |
exaggerate | ex.agg.er.ate | exaggerate |
verb | to say that something is much bigger, better or worse, than it really is | |
how to use | intransitive verb (the verb has no object) exaggerate transitive verb (the verb has an object) exaggerate something, the truth, a story | |
examples | 1. Newspapers tend to exaggerate the events they describe.2. I don’t believe you earn $8000 a month – you’re exaggerating! |
[이메일 비지니스 영어] 동료와 일상적으로 쓸 수 있는 표현들
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[이메일 비지니스 영어] 자동응답 표현법
휴가나 출장으로 인해 며칠 자리를 비워야 할 때나, 자동회신 설정시 쓰기 편한 문구들만 따로 정리했습니다. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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